Filariasis Treatment and Prevention

Filariasis Treatment and Prevention

Definition
Filariasis is a parasitic disease (usually an infectious tropical disease) that is Caused by thread-like nematodes (roundworms) belonging to the superfamily Filarioidea, also known as "filariae". These are transmitted from host to host by blood-feeding arthropods, mainly black flies and mosquitoes.

Causes
Caused by three species of filarial worms that infect humans are:

• Wuchereria bancrofti
• Brugia timori
• Brugia malayi

Signs and Symptoms

• Fever repeatedly for 3 s / d 5 days every 1-2 months
• On the thighs and underarms swelling of the lymph nodes that looked redness, heat and pain
• Swelling of the legs or arms, breasts, testicles that look red and feel hot because the lymph fluid unstoppable

Rresult

• Can cause defects in the form of an enlarged settling legs, arms and genitals
• Unable to work optimally

Prevention Method
a. Check themselves to the health of the possibility of clinical symptoms of disease.
b. Trying to avoid mosquito bites by:

• Sleep-wear mosquito nets
• The holes / ventilation houses covered with fine mesh wire
• Do not let the mosquitoes nesting in or around the home
• Killing mosquitoes with mosquito sprays

c. Wash water or sewer plants to eliminate mosquito breeding places

Care and Treatment

• To prevent fever give febrifuge
• Immediately taken to the nearest health center or local health department (Hospital)

Prevention and treatment of Leptospirosis

Definition
Leptospirosis is a disease caused by a spiral-shaped bacterium Leptospira infection surrendered animals and humans and can live in fresh water for about a month.

Causes

• Contact with water, soil or plants that have been polluted by animal urine of patients with leptospirosis.
• Spiral shaped bacteria Leptospira

Signs and Symptoms

• High fever, chills
• Headache
• Malaise (lethargy / weak)
• Vomiting
• Conjunctivitis (inflammation of the eye)
• Calf muscle pain and back

Result

• Renal failure
• Heart Failure
• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain

Prevention

• Washing hands with soap before eating
• Keeping the environment clean
• Cleaning water spots and swimming pools
• Avoid the rats in your home or building
• Disinfection to certain places contaminated by rat
• Storing food and drink well in order to avoid rats

4 Nursing Diagnosis for Alzheimer's Disease

Nursing Care Plan : Nursing Diagnosis for Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's Disease, also known in medical literature as Alzheimer disease, is the most common form of dementia. There is no cure for the disease, which worsens as it progresses, and eventually leads to death. It was first described by German psychiatrist and neuropathologist Alois Alzheimer in 1906 and was named after him.

Alzheimer's disease is usually diagnosed clinically from the patient history, collateral history from relatives, and clinical observations, based on the presence of characteristic neurological and neuropsychological features and the absence of alternative conditions. Advanced medical imaging with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) can be used to help exclude other cerebral pathology or subtypes of dementia. Moreover, it may predict conversion from prodromal stages (mild cognitive impairment) to Alzheimer's disease.

Assessment of intellectual functioning including memory testing can further characterise the state of the disease.[5] Medical organisations have created diagnostic criteria to ease and standardise the diagnostic process for practicing physicians. The diagnosis can be confirmed with very high accuracy post-mortem when brain material is available and can be examined histologically.

4 Nursing Diagnosis for Alzheimer's Disease

1. Self-care deficit (eating, drinking, dressing, hygiene) related to changes in the process of thought.

2. Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements related to inadequate intake, changes in thought processes.

3. Impaired verbal communication related to the changes in thought processes.

4. Ineffective individual coping related to changes in thought processes and dysfunction due to disease progression.